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The Power Triangle: Why Not Every Volt-Amp Becomes a Watt

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AC power decomposes into real power P (watts) along the in-phase axis, reactive power Q (vars) along the quadrature axis, and apparent power S (VA) as the hypotenuse. Sweeping the phase angle phi from 0 to 90 degrees morphs the triangle: P shrinks, Q grows, |S| stays fixed, cos phi (the power factor) falls from one to zero. Genuine motion in Beat 4: phi sweeps as a triangle wave, the triangle redraws each frame, live readout of P/S, Q/S, and cos phi.

power trianglereal powerreactive powerapparent powerpower factorphase angle
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